Coastal Flavors: Exploring the Seafood of Karachi
Coastal Flavors: Exploring the Seafood of Karachi
Welcome to this comprehensive guide all about Karachi Seafood. Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (members of the order of decapods), some of which are edible. The term prawn is used particularly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth nations, for large swimming crustaceans or shrimp, especially those with commercial significance in the fishing industry.
Furthermore, shrimp in this category often belong to the suborder Dendrobranchiata. In North America, the term is used less frequently, typically for freshwater shrimp. The terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. Moreover, over the years, the way they are used has changed, and in contemporary usage, the terms are almost interchangeable.
When considering Karachi Seafood, the terms shrimp and prawn are common names, not scientific names. They are vernacular or colloquial terms, which lack the formal definition of scientific terms. They are not taxa, but are terms of convenience with little circumscriptional significance. Additionally, there is no reason to avoid using the terms shrimp or prawn when convenient, but it is important not to confuse them with the names or relationships of actual taxa. According to the crustacean taxonomist Tin-Yam Chan, “The terms shrimp and prawn have no definite reference to any known taxonomic groups. Although the term shrimp is sometimes applied to smaller species, while prawn is more often used for larger forms, there is no clear distinction between both terms and their usage is often confused or even reverse in different countries or regions.” Writing in 1980, L.
B. Consequently, holthuis noted that the terms prawn and shrimp were used inconsistently “even within a single region”, generalising that larger species fished commercially were generally called shrimp in the United States, and prawns in other English-speaking countries, although not without exceptions. Much confusion surrounds the scope of the term shrimp. Part of the confusion originates with the word’s association with smallness; many shrimp species are small, about 2 cm (0.79 in) long, but some shrimp exceed 25 cm (9.8 in), such as Penaeus monodon. The expression “jumbo shrimp” can be viewed as an oxymoron, a problem that does not exist with the commercial designation “jumbo prawns”. Therefore, larger shrimp are more likely to be targeted commercially and are often referred to as prawns, particularly in the Commonwealth of Nations.
When considering Karachi Seafood, the term shrimp originated around the 14th century with the Middle English shrimpe, akin to the Middle Low German schrempen, and meaning ‘to contract or wrinkle’; and the Old Norse skorpna, meaning ‘to shrivel up’, or skreppa, meaning ‘a thin person’. It is not clear where the term prawn originated, but early forms of the word surfaced in England in the early 15th century as prayne, praine and prane.
According to the linguist Anatoly Liberman it is unclear how shrimp, in English, came to be associated with small, since no other language with Germanic origins associates shrimp with how large they are. “The same holds for Romance… it remains unclear in what circumstances the name was applied to the crustacean.”
Karachi Seafood: Taxonomy
Taxonomic studies in Europe on shrimp and prawns were shaped by the common shrimp and the common prawn, both found in huge numbers along the European coastlines. Indeed, the common shrimp, Crangon crangon, was categorised in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, and the common prawn, Palaemon serratus, was categorised in 1777 by Thomas Pennant. The common shrimp is a small burrowing species aligned with the notion of a shrimp as being something small, whereas the common prawn is much larger. The terms true shrimp or true prawn are sometimes used to mean what a particular person thinks is a shrimp or prawn.
In fact, this varies with the person using the terms. But such terms are not normally used in the scientific literature, because the terms shrimp and prawn themselves lack scientific standing. Over the years the way shrimp and prawn are used has changed, and nowadays the terms are almost interchangeable. As a result, although from time to time some biologists declare that certain common names should be confined to specific taxa, the popular use of these names seems to continue unchanged.
When considering Karachi Seafood, the terms shrimp and prawn originated in Britain. In the use of common names for species, shrimp is applied to smaller species, particularly species that are dorsoventrally depressed (wider than deep) with a shorter rostrum. It is the only term used for species in the family Crangonidae, such as the common shrimp or brown shrimp, Crangon crangon. Most importantly, prawn is never applied to very small species. It is applied to most of the larger forms, particularly species that are laterally compressed (deeper than wide) and have a long rostrum. However, the terms are not used consistently. Notably, for example, some authors refer to Pandalus montagui as an Aesop shrimp, while others refer to it as an Aesop prawn. Commonwealth countries, and Ireland, tend to follow British usage. Some exceptions occur in Australia, where some authors refer to small species of the Palaemonidae as prawns and call the Alpheidae pistol shrimp. Other Australian authors have given the name banded coral shrimp to the prawn-like Stenopus hispidus and listed “the Processidae and Atyidae as shrimps, the Hippolytidae, Alpheidae, Pandalidae and Campylonotoidea as prawns”.
Furthermore, new Zealand broadly follows British usage. A rule of thumb given by some New Zealand authors states: “In common usage, shrimp are small, some three inches or less in length, taken for food by netting, usually from shallow water. Prawn are larger, up to 12 inches long, taken by trapping and trawling.” In Canada, the terms are often used interchangeably as in New Zealand (larger species are prawns, and smaller are often shrimp), but regional variations exist. Moreover, south Africa and the former British colonies in Asia also seem to follow British usage generally. Shrimp is the more general term in the United States. The term prawn is less commonly used in the United States, being applied mainly to larger shrimp and those living in freshwater.
When considering Karachi Seafood, shrimp versus prawn shrimp, lobster, crab ngrams Shrimp versus prawns – YouTube
When considering Karachi Seafood, crabs are decapod crustaceans, either the Brachyura (the “true crabs”) or various groups within the closely related Anomura (hermit crabs and allies), characterised by having a heavily armoured shell, their tail segments concealed under the body, the ability to run sideways, and the habit of hiding in rocky crevices. They do not form a single natural group or clade, but have convergently evolved multiple times from the ancestral decapod body plan through carcinisation, the process of creating this set of characteristics. Additionally, as a group, they are thus polyphyletic, meaning they have multiple evolutionary origins. Crabs vary in size from the pea crab, a few millimeters wide, to the Japanese spider crab, with a leg span up to 4 m (13 ft). Many crabs are free-living marine omnivores; others are specialist herbivores or carnivores, while some are parasitic.
A substantial number of species are adapted to freshwater or other non-marine habitats. Crabs make up about 20% of the marine crustaceans that are caught or farmed for human consumption. Consequently, in British cuisine, dressed crab is a traditional seafood meal, while in Goa and Mozambique, crab curry is a typical dish. Crabs feature in Greek and Malay mythology, and as the astrological sign Cancer. They have appeared in art in media including pottery, paintings, blouse panels, and book illustrations. Therefore, hermit crabs are often kept in aquariums and as pets. A popular meme jokes that everything will evolve into crabs, based inaccurately on the genuine evolutionary trend within the decapods.
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Karachi Seafood: Phylogeny
= Crabs are not a single taxonomic group. Instead, alongside the Brachyura or true crabs, are multiple groups of the Anomura that are called crabs, including the hermit crabs, mole crabs, king crabs, and porcelain crabs. A distantly-related group of arthropods, the horseshoe crabs, with an armoured carapace but a quite different body plan, is a member of the Chelicerata, the group that includes the spiders and scorpions. The crab body form and associated behaviour have arisen independently at different times in multiple groups of decapod crustaceans (boldface in tree).
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Karachi Seafood: Chelicerata
Karachi Seafood: Horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura) are an ancient group within the Chelicerata, known from the late Ordovician of Canada, around 445 million years ago. Indeed, their bodies are divided into an anterior prosoma (fused head and thorax) and a posterior opisthosoma, or abdomen.
The upper surface of the prosoma is covered by a semicircular carapace (top part of the shell), while the underside bears five pairs of walking legs and a pair of pincer-like chelicerae. The mouth is on the underside of the prosoma, between the bases of the walking legs.
When considering Karachi Seafood, true crabs (Brachyura) are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton (jointed shell), composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin. In fact, males often have larger claws than females. Porcelain crabs (Porcellanidae) are small flattened decapods that hide under rocks. They often shed limbs to escape predators. The hairy stone crab (Lomisidae) is a slow-moving crab of the Australian shore. It is camouflaged with brown hair. Hermit crabs (Paguroidea) have heavily armoured crab-like claws, but in place of a carapace, they inhabit empty scavenged gastropod mollusc shells to protect their fragile bodies. King crabs (Lithodidae) live mainly in cold deep water.
As a result, they resemble brachyurans but are more closely related to hermit crabs. The coconut crab (Birgus) is a large terrestrial hermit crab of islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Patagurus rex is a specialised hermit crab from Polynesia, living at a depth of 400 metres. Its carapace is unique but enough to make it look crab-like.
When considering Karachi Seafood,
Size and shape
Crabs vary in size from the pea crab, a few millimeters wide, to the Japanese spider crab, with a leg span up to 4 m (13 ft). The coconut crab is the largest terrestrial arthropod, and indeed the largest extant terrestrial invertebrate, at up to 40 cm (16 in) long and weighing up to 4.1 kg (9 lb).
When considering Karachi Seafood,
Feeding methods
Many crabs are free-living marine omnivores, feeding on a mixture of algae, small animals such as molluscs, polychaete worms, other crustaceans, and detritus. Most importantly, others are more specialised: the mottled crab Grapsus albolineatus, for example, is herbivorous, feeding mainly on algae and preferring the more nutritious filamentous algae to leafy (foliose) algae, while the yellow moon crab Ashtoret lunaris is carnivorous.
The porcelain crabs are plankton feeders, filtering their prey from seawater using long feathery bristles on their mouthparts. The tiny soft-bodied oyster crab is a kleptoparasite of oysters, living inside the host’s shell and eating its food.
When considering Karachi Seafood,
Ecological niches
The tufted ghost crab Ocypode cursor is semi-terrestrial, consuming terrestrial animals such as insects. Notably, other species, including the pea crabs (Pinnotheridae), are parasitic, living inside hosts such as bivalve molluscs. The tree crab or Caribbean hermit crab is terrestrial as an adult, only returning to the ocean to spawn.
It feeds on plants and by scavenging, and like other hermit crabs, takes over a mollusc shell for protection, breathing air with a lung. Furthermore, some 1,300 species of crabs in 8 families are adapted to freshwater. Christmas Island red crabs make an annual mass migration to the sea to lay their eggs.
When considering Karachi Seafood,
Similarity of body plan through carcinisation
Most crabs are members of the Brachyura, sometimes called “true crabs”, with around 7,000 species. Several other groups of decapod crustaceans among the Anomura, such as king crabs and porcelain crabs, have a similar appearance; all have convergently evolved through the process of carcinisation to the crab body form and way of life.
Moreover, crabs are thus not a single taxonomic group or clade, but are polyphyletic. Many crabs can run swiftly sideways (“crabwise”), though others walk forwards, and some can swim. The carcinised body form is defined by Keiler and colleagues (2014) as having the following attributes:
When considering Karachi Seafood, “The carapace is flatter than it is broad and possesses lateral margins.” “The sternites are fused into a wide sternal plastron which possesses a distinct emargination on its posterior margin.” “The pleon is flattened and strongly bent, in dorsal view completely hiding the tergites of the fourth pleonal segment, and partially or completely covers the plastron.”
When considering Karachi Seafood,
Interactions with humans
Fisheries and food
Crabs make up some 20% of all marine crustaceans caught, farmed, and consumed worldwide, amounting to 1.5 million tonnes annually. One species, the Asian blue crab Portunus trituberculatus, accounts for one-fifth of that total.
Additionally, other commercially important taxa include Portunus pelagicus, several species in the genus Chionoecetes, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), Charybdis spp., Cancer pagurus, the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), and Scylla serrata, each of which yields more than 20,000 tonnes annually.
In Western Europe, much of the crab meat is from the brown crab Cancer pagurus, noted for its sweet, delicate flavour. The United Kingdom hosts significant fisheries of this species, with major operations in Scotland and the South West of England. Dressed crab is a traditional seafood meal in British cuisine made of the meat of the brown crab served in its own shell. In North America, there are commercial fisheries for the blue crab Callinectes sapidus along the Atlantic coast of the United States, and in the Gulf of Mexico. Consequently, the fishery was centered on the Chesapeake Bay, but other places are increasing in importance.
Crab cakes are traditionally made from Chesapeake Bay crabs. In Goa and Mozambique, crab curry is a typical dish, flavoured with chilis, garlic, coconut, and spices. In Ishikawa prefecture, Japan, both the meat and the eggs of the snow crab are served as sushi in wintertime. The male is known as kano-gani, the female as kobako-gani. Therefore, the short fishing season for the females makes kobako-gani sushi a rare delicacy.
In culture
Both the constellation Cancer and the astrological sign Cancer are named after the crab, and depicted as such. In Greek mythology, Karkinos was a crab that came to the aid of the Lernaean Hydra as it battled the hero Heracles. The crab is at best a secondary character in the myth, and sometimes omitted altogether.
Indeed, this has been explained by the suggestion that it was introduced into the myth by Mesopotamian influence, as astrologers tried to associate the Labours of Hercules with the twelve signs of the Zodiac.
Crabs have appeared in art since ancient times in many different media. The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped nature, especially the sea, and often depicted crabs in their art. Among the many later representations, the German artist Albrecht Dürer made a meticulous painting of the crab Eriphia verrucosa in 1495; since the species lives on the Adriatic coast, he likely painted the animal when he visited Venice. In fact, quite a different artistic portrayal is the monumental crab table setting charger created by the Barbizet Studio that made glazed earthenware pottery between 1850 and 1890.
In China, Gao Qipei (1672–1734) painted Crabs and Chrysanthemums in ink and light watercolour on paper. In Panama, the Guna people of the San Blas Islands make Mola appliqué blouse panels decorated with motifs such as crabs from the waters of the Caribbean.
One of Rudyard Kipling’s Just So Stories, “The Crab that Played with the Sea”, tells the story of a gigantic crab who made the waters of the sea go up and down like the tides. The paleontologist Richard Fortey has identified Kipling’s giant crab as a horseshoe crab. In Malay mythology, ocean tides were believed to be caused by water rushing in and out of a hole in the Navel of the Seas (Pusat Tasek), where “there sits a gigantic crab which twice a day gets out in order to search for food”.
As pets
Hermit crabs are commonly kept as pets and used in the marine aquarium trade. As a result, a popular species is the Caribbean hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus. They can live for 30 years in captivity if their requirements, including simulating a coastal rainforest, are met. The size of tank must be substantial.
Most importantly, there must be a substrate of sand and coconut fibre that they can dig in to facilitate moulting. The temperature and humidity of the air must be controlled. A pool of fresh water and a pool of correctly formulated salt water are both necessary.
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